In this group, internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) and OAAH syndrome are two related conditions affecting horizontal conjugate gaze . From a neuroanatomical perspective, intentional horizontal saccades are controlled by the frontal eye field (FEF), an even structure located in the frontal lobe, corresponding to Brodmann's area 8.
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The presence of INO (unilateral or bilateral) was determined by visual examination of the graphs depicting horizontal gaze position by two experienced observers (JANB, KMSK). The inter‐rater agreement was 95.8% (23/24). The one patient in whom there was a disagreement had an INO of abduction and was excluded from this trial.
A na czym? Na pianinie. A pianino, i no, i no, a pianino, i no, i no, A pianino, i no, i no, a pianino, gra! (naśladowanie grania na pianinie) Jestem muzykantem, konszabelantem. (wskazywanie siebie) My - muzykanci, konszabelanci. (rozkładanie rąk, wskazywanie innych) Ja umiem grać, my umiemy grać: (wskazywanie siebie, a potem innych) A INO is often accompanied by skew deviation. It is most commonly caused by vertebrobasilar insufficiency or inflammatory demyelination ( 1,2 ). Pseudo-internuclear ophthalmoplegia (pseudo-INO) presents similarly to INO but occurs secondary to myasthenia gravis or can occur with medial rectus ischemia ( 3 ).

In 1967, Miller Fisher described a pattern of ophthalmoplegia in patients with various pontine lesions, known as "one-and-a-half syndrome" (OAHS). In this syndrome, patients present with a combination of an ipsilateral conjugate horizontal gaze palsy (referring to the 'one' horizontal gaze palsy) and an ipsilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) (referring to the 'half' of a

Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia. Internuclear ophthalmoplegia is characterized by paresis of ipsilateral eye adduction in horizontal gaze but not in convergence. It can be unilateral or bilateral. (See also Overview of Neuro-ophthalmologic and Cranial Nerve Disorders .) During horizontal gaze, the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) on each side
Introduction. The association of internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) with exotropia in the contralateral eye was first described and termed as non-paralytic pontine exotropia (NPPE) by Bogousslavsky and Regli in 1983. 1 There has been a scarcity of reported cases documenting NPPE as a primary manifestation of vertebrobasilar stroke; most of them were reported in the 1990s. 2 NPPE is considered Infrared oculography is a noninvasive, objective, and quantitative tool to assess an INO, which recently has become more widely available. Earlier studies have established the versional dysconjugacy index (VDI) 2 as a sensitive way to describe an INO. 3,4 However, the few studies that investigated VDI parameters in patients with MS had important limitations, such as small sample sizes and "Wszystkiego co naprawdę powinienem wiedzieć, nauczyłem się w przedszkolu - o tym jak żyć, co robić, jak postępować, współżyć z innymi, patrzeć, odczuwać, myśleć, marzyć i wyobrażać sobie lepszy świat" 1Fr21.
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